This article is designed primarily to introduce the music of Crumb to its English readership on the occasion of Crumb's appearance at the Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival. The author discusses Crumb's use of quotation on two levels: (1) the art of allusion to other works or styles, and (2) actual quotation. Crumb's use of quotation is primarily seen as the inclusion of tonal elements in atonal surroundings to give them new meaning. Steinitz describes these quotations as "in major keys of either several sharps or flats whose comforting warmth contrasts with the hard-edged or bleakly desolate surroundings" (p. 845).

Works: Crumb: Eleven Echoes of Autumn,Black Angels,Voice of the Whale,Makrokosmos I,Makrokosmos II,Night of the Four Moons,Music for a Summer Evening.

Index Classifications: 1900s

Contributed by: Will Sadler